Product research and development on innovation capability

Product research and development on innovation capability.

 

Some hope can be in OEM customers under the help of the development of its own r&d competence. This desire not reality, the customer not philanthropist, they didn't have the obligation to help you. OEM the first to have its own r&d team, design the innovation ability, developed with the market value of the products, seize the customer's eyes, just have the possibility of further cooperation. Might as well look flextronics practices.

 

It has come into money form high level design team, Japan Kyocera company (Kyocera) a cell phone, come from its design. Last year it also spend $80 million bought design company mike cernet (Group), the latter have Microcell 300 r&d engineers.

 

Understand customer needs ability.

 

Although some OEM boast, in satisfying the needs of customers, but has peaked with production quality, cost, delivery date and other mandatory measure of different, on the design of standard often are difficult to quantify, sometimes even appear "I want a looks very beautiful product" such customer requirements, at this time will need to ODM manufacturer to help customers to find market positioning, again carries on the design.

 

Flextronics is the chief technical officer Nicholas Brathwaite had said "from according to the contract production expands to more product development is a major challenge," flextronics will "take measures to improve the design and manufacturing department and customer communication between".

 

Who knows, do a point a point money products, make brand a dollar a dollar money, when the company was not capable unary unary making money, may wish to "money" -- from some part OEM to ODM can improve our ability to make a profit, estimates, flextronics within one year from the initial scale of ODM can business received one billion dollars income.

 

Just before any company in transition, don't forget to weigh yourself in manufacturing and operates outside of the third abilities - design capacity in quantity.

Relative to build brand

 

On nasdaq technology stocks generally fall CIBC (Canada empire commercial Banks) analysts in January this year to raise Flextronics (Flextronics International Ltd.) rating. Flextronics is a big contract manufacturers, its stock rating was upward part of the reason is that it has not satisfied simply assemble products, but became involved in product design, can complete product from drawings to finished products in the whole process of development from OEM to ODM.

 

For most OEM for, choose this line, mostly with trepidation, who is not willing to always stay at the end of the chain, AngRenBiXi life.

 

Even the largest global electronics product contract manufacturing ShangWei flextronics, also not satisfy the production of MOTOROLA mobile phone, some for Microsoft, despite the current production some game in its these consumer goods source of income in up to most. Declining profits in successive years is OEM was forced to change survival strategy of direct reasons, according to the businessweek Chinese version of reports, sui-hua dealer's "gross" has dropped from 15% to 5%. "

 

last year, MOTOROLA for launch low-cost cellphones, through the way of selecting sui-hua bid dealer, each handset offer only 30 dollars. This time, completed the primitive accumulation of OEM, like flextronics that, to value chain gradually shift, become the most above the actual a choice.

 

Relative to build brand, OEM and ODM are relatively pure work, but want to realize this cross over, is not easy, at least want to have two aspects ability.

Products specializes in greement do this mainly benefits

Products specializes in greement do this mainly benefits

 

 

Supplementary product line. For the makers rush to supplement line,

 

OEM way also can yet be regarded as a shortcut. Find market opportunity and launch between the product after all have a period of time, the manufacturer can use OEM products can quickly fill market blank, seizes the market. Meanwhile, their product design and development, once the ripe, can own products replace OEM products.

 

Sometimes found a consistent product manufacturer may give its offerings at risk of deadly threat. Such as the production of mainframe computer manufacturers display excelling in can not achieve the corresponding level, or in the disk drive on cost difficult to drop, can adopt OEM way from the purchase, otherwise, only by host version in the market competition, not only lost market opportunities, and survival possible problems.

 

To perfect enterprise value chain.

 

USES the enterprise existing sales network, expand functionality, for a variety of products and many enterprises sales and after-sales service. Sometimes, the manufacturer's competitive advantage may not is in making, but in sales channel and after-sales service, at this time, adopt OEM trading is afraid is inevitable choice. Blue giant IBM almost don't produce any part of computer, accessories, and then from the external purchase basically with its worldwide sales channel and service network, provide a large computer to win customers reputation.

 

Test market opportunities. Sometimes purchasing enterprise also USES OEM way to detect to enter the market possibilities. Enterprise the product to the market by watching the market reaction. If the market responded well, enterprise JiuGe can launch their own products; If the market reaction insipid, enterprises can also terminate the contract, give up into the OEM products market of plan. So, manufacturers the risk to the new project satisfactorly than oneself the risk are much smaller.

Overseas tiepai advantage

Overseas tiepai advantage.

 

Adopt OEM way to enter the international market, can bring the following favorable conditions:

 

1) according to domestic, outside the demand of the market, determine product positioning (performance, grades, and user objects)

 

2) according to the product's performance and characteristics, and decides the development design way: introduction, entrust or guest development design

 

3) the peculiar product technology and brand holder's qualification, selection (bidding or recommended) manufacturers

 

4) product greement exclusively .

 

Do this mainly benefits: Reduce mature product cost.

 

About a recession by the mature products it and cost is the key to maintaining profits. If in the domestic cost reduction is almost impossible, then only looking overseas, or to invest overseas, or development outsourcing production. Direct and cost could be far higher than expected returns. If can from overseas manufacturers in purchasing, although in the short term may be higher than their manufacturing cost, but in the long run or profitable.

 

With their own brand marketing, still do not affect the price of the product.

Enterprises, entering international market approach

Enterprises, entering international market approach

 

When enterprise has formed a capital, talent and scale economy foundation, should to overseas development, takes a suitable for self-development multinational management path.

 

OEM production mode.

With domestic enterprise group based on the international market and based on the enterprise's own production base or "OEM" means the products as the basis, in some developed countries of the assembly plant offers product labor-intensive zero, the parts (components), in the local purchasing key-module, complete supporting assembly, test, and packaging process such as the check-up, realize in local value-added in order to obtain legal origin, on the spot to third countries sales and export.

 

Do this mainly advantage: due to obtain the developed countries of origin, general price of product can be increased by 50%, even increase exponentially, Due to the factory is located in abroad, can eliminate some trade and non-trade barriers, Assembly plant products can enjoy ipsos with other relevant countries' various reciprocal treatment; Because labor-intensive parts in China, foreign already finished only rarely employees, trial production cost greatly reduced,

 

In foreign factories can also act as an after-sales service center, often feedback center and personnel training, the comprehensive function. "Origin advantage" strategy. "Origin advantage" strategy can not only embodies in developed countries, and can also reflect in the developing countries.

 

By adopting batch parts export, from transportation to tariffs can be decreased costs; Because in developing countries in factories and labor cheap, help the local employment and training, will inevitably suffer host privilege; In developing countries in the production of products, be in commonly local sales, from the market near, quick.

 

Practice has proved, in developing countries to initiate multinational enterprises, which can truly enterprise to realize the marketized operations, and for group towards the world to create favorable conditions, also can get considerable economic benefits and social benefit.

Enterprises need to go into the international market

Enterprises need to go into the international market.

 

The international division of labor needs.

 

With the development of world economy, international labor division is from domestic production, foreign export is the characteristic of trade leading, quickly to international production multinational management is the characteristic of modern investment-dominated conversion.

 

Interest drive needs.

 

Multinational management has many advantages, such as foreign resources available to compensate for our resources shortage; Can more use overseas funds, Introduce advanced technology and equipment and management; Driving domestic exports of equipment and the promotion of economic and trade combination and so on.

 

 

Foreign investment needs.

 

Years of reform and opening-up, the introduction of foreign capital and technology, to the country's economic development plays a large role, but foreign statistics show that general introduction of foreign capital and outward investment than developed countries, 1:1, 4, good developing country for scors. 13 in China, and only for scors.03. Visible in easy out difficult. Investigate its reason, one is to enter the international market operating the lack of understanding, 2 it is lack of talent and capital; Three is not formed due mechanism.

Hisense also in, recently announced it will in technology

 

Hisense also in, recently announced it will in technology, quality, brand, equipment investment way, and based in the United States the world's largest electronic product manufacturing service supply ShangWei chuangli cooperation, the annual output of 100 million in Hungary construction of color TV factories, in order to avoid the eu anti-dumping, contend for 40 percent of the more than 3,000 million color TV sets the eu market. TCL and Thomson a joint venture established by using TTE, Thomson brand of Europe, America market sales TCL colour TV sets.

 

 

On the one hand TCL will never affected by the anti-dumping influence Vietnam, the Philippines, Poland, Thailand and other countries of production base exports to the us, even from Mexico's base zero TTE company export customs territory, thus bypass anti-dumping investigation of export restrictions in origin. Brand of internationalization in manufacturing could not confined in the mother country.

 

 

So, to Chinese TV corporations, totally dependent on made in China are unrealistic, also is impossible. China will become a global brand enterprise TV must possess in the global scope configuration making the energy ability. For the special Chinese market economy is concerned, it is more important. Anti-dumping reflects Chinese TV manufacturing layout exist serious problems and go out is the internationalization of the essential, rather than just coping anti-dumping expediency.

OEM strategy one: go out.

OEM strategy one: go out.

 

Because anti-dumping cases and other factors, go out for transnational investment and let others for his generation of labor is becoming some strong old-line OEM enterprise priorities.

 

Color TV anti-dumping rulings dice is cast, China overseas OEM production line. Although several color television enterprise vowed to American TV anti-dumping case results appeal, but China TV exports strategy are easy to attack the major human mistakes are indisputable fact. Anti-dumping case shows that China's TV enterprise already have become globalized ability, but lack of internationalization of experience.

 

Statistics show that in the next few years, the surplus will achieve domestic production capacity of over 3500 million, looking for land into production release urgent matter. In anti-dumping cases result has been made under the condition of the overall situation, China's TV exports strategic forced underwent a major adjustments to large-scale OEM exports and labor-intensive cheap low technology products exportation primarily mode will gradually faded out from the stage of history.

 

But the United States and the European Union and the market is WTO of China enterprise must enter and unavoidable mainstream market. Therefore, the existing enterprise conducts some forward-looking strategies will become China's exports export of new regular TV weapon. Global manufacturing resources allocation.

 

According to information, TV dumping investigation by the United States, konka first after adjustment for the layout of production base, through overseas base supply to ease the impact of American dumping ruling. In the United States on anti-dumping charges soon, konka in October last year sitting Mexico to establish production bases, this base in May this year, which specializes in manufacturing wholly produced according to supply the American market products.

 

While American dumping ruling accelerated the konka overseas production base of startup, konka in Thailand, Mexico's factory has started in September shipment, and by cooperation factory production products will in Europe for shipment.

The drawbacks of The shoulders production enterprise (3)

The drawbacks of The shoulders production enterprise

 

(3) agent export -- relaxed behind The heavy.

 

According to the complex, management consulting company investigation, the processing of export-oriented enterprises to foreign markets dependent high, some enterprises more than 90% of the products exported.

 

However, with excellent export performance of, is this kind of enterprise fragile, even is incomplete market function. Reason is that the processing of export-oriented enterprises, product sales and not through enterprise itself abroad to set up sales network realization, but generally used export agency way, only few level agents and foreign dealing, true market of these enterprises, it is a complete "black box", how to grasp the market demand, the ultimate establish efficient sales network, flexible use different sales mode ability, has long been ruined.

 

Now, profit interval has begun to link metastases, require these market enterprise must have strong market ability, otherwise, in the overseas markets, own destiny increasingly by others control, the survival and development of the risk is bigger and bigger. In addition, many processing of export-oriented enterprises also ready to open up the domestic market, it needs to have the enough market ability, simply by one class representative's way is not good.

 

However, the export customer-guided enterprise long-term using export agent, ruined their market function, and the formation of the market function more take a long time. So, for the processing of export-oriented enterprises speaking, the agency has brought benefits, but also causes the enterprise market function and incomplete, it will become the enterprise next to be more independent development of heavy "debt".

 

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The drawbacks of the production side enterprise (2)

The drawbacks of the production side enterprise

(2) the cost advantage - behind success of fatigue .

 

The processing of export-oriented enterprises successful development of key lies in its significant cost advantage. In forming cost advantage factors, comparative advantage of Chinese labor force prices are the main factors. But with the development of industry of domestic export-oriented enterprises, processing the cost advantage is under some opposite factors offset:

 

First, the labor price advantage for a specific business is not sustainable, with China's economic development, the labor price comparative advantage affirmation increasingly weakened. Now, because of rising labor costs, many enterprises has been plagued by a decline in margins,

 

Second, since originates from the labor price cost advantages, is China's processing export-oriented enterprise relative to other countries similar production enterprise advantages, rather than a specific enterprises of China's unique advantages, so, in domestic rivals, within the scope of this holistic advantage does not constitute a concrete enterprise competitive advantage.

 

Now, with industry competition intensifies, specific development of enterprise begins to be lack of unique competitive advantage restriction. Obviously, to specific companies, must by other ways to form distinctive, difficult to imitate the competitive advantage. Will cost is concerned, through efficient production organization ability, logistics system improve ability and technology innovation ability, obtain the cost advantage can continue supporting the development of the enterprise.

 

Processing of export-oriented enterprises long-term dependence on the labor price advantage, do not attach importance to this kind of ability the raise, therefore, to this kind of processing of export-oriented enterprises it brings the elements of a successful, but also in turn to become the enterprise for the further development of the hidden trouble.

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The drawbacks of the production side enterprise (1)

The drawbacks of the production side enterprise

 (1) scale expansion -- growing behind the weak.

 

Parts processing of export-oriented enterprises to realize the diversity of the trap, clear propose still in the original within the industry continued to seek the development, do not make diversification. About how to seek the development within the industry in the original problem, these enterprises high-level operator's answer is almost always "enlarge production scale".

 

But, as the domestic Labour costs, the rise of the processing of export-oriented enterprises manufacturing tends to decline, production links profits in industrial chain's competitive position also tends to decrease; Instead, market segments of the profitability and competitive position in the relative rise - - all industries developed to a certain stage after, will appear this kind of phenomenon.

 

As the first few years of the household electrical appliance industry have faced this situation, forcing home appliance manufacturing enterprise finally had to implement market integration strategy, to achieve market segments of the penetration and control. Expand production scale, although can improve enterprise in the industry's competitive position, but because did not improve the position in the industry chain, but also can cause for market segments of the further dependence, status may be more passive.

 

Processing of export-oriented enterprises in the industry development of consideration, to expand the scale of production problem cannot do simple processing, considering the production scale expansion in the way, especially need careful, otherwise, not only can enhance competitiveness, still can increase enterprise transition or exit cost.

 

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Production enterprise benefits(2)

Production enterprise benefits

 

 (4) product innovation, improving ability. If the OEM products belong to innovative products, supply enterprise in addition to meeting the acquirer needs outside, still can with own brand in the domestic and international market. Or increase product line length, launch new products; Or enhance product line depth, increase the variety of existing products, no matter from which hand increased all the enterprise the competitive ability.

 

OEM way for both parties concerned, in addition to share the products whole competitive advantage outside, still have a distinctive advantage, that is both parties in market flexibility. As long as the sale of any party found more profitable way, they may terminate the contract. From this Angle character, OEM market is highly effective.

 

 

(5) saving marketing investment. When enterprises face in foreign markets, due to regional wide, countries, it is difficult to establish commercial habits are different from fully independent circulation nets. But if borrow foreign company's sales force, then more conveniences.

 

Like Fuji ricoh etc, and all of it in euramerican manufacturer and brokerage adopted OEM way, this reduces the operation of the friction between enterprises, reduce enterprise should put a large sale funds, causes the enterprise to adapt in overseas business

Production enterprise benefits(1)

Production enterprise benefits

 

Fang Relative to character, the acquirer over-reactive supply-side in a relatively passive position, however, using OEM way still be profitable.

 

(1) to enter the international market, and participate in the international competition. In recent years, domestic appliances industries in fierce competition, market is saturated, some domestic manufacturing enterprise in order to expand the market, and for foreign brands do OEM. Enhance enterprise's global consciousness.

 

(2) scale production and reduce the cost. Modern production exists in the economies of scale effect, namely with output scale expanding and show the unit cost downward trend. This may come from the deepening of specialization, fixed cost allocation. If the enterprise itself exists that overcapacity, cost reduction effects will be more apparent. Participate in OEM supply, means that the expansion of the scale of output, not only raised the sale of the products, and reduce the cost.

 

(3) learning experience, perfect management. Provide OEM of enterprise often in OEM the acquirer products supply chain to play an important role in the production, the OEM purchasers can administration, marketing, product development, etc have strong strength, in cooperation process, OEM supplier can be in control products quality, successful control, operational efficiency control of the management in accordance with the requirements of the acquirer organize production, with advanced organization control, from "dry" learning experience, improve the management level of enterprises.

OEM adapt to establish new competitive advantage needs

OEM adapt to establish new competitive advantage needs

 

Modern economic development has changed people of idiopathic competition views, competition and cooperation has become a modern enterprise development of two great power. In itself has advantage of the products, use rival OEM products make oneself advantage more outstanding, meanwhile competitor also has a new development space, competition became cooperation.

 

At the same time in the rapid development of science and technology today, it is difficult to have a enterprise can all grasp a product all patent technology, through mutual way to provide OEM products will ensure the integrity of the intellectual property rights. Avoid disputes or repetitive developments brought about by the waste of resources, and can promote a technology marketing clout, make it become the new industrial standard, or group of standard, make the alliance foreword competition became relative orderly.

 

In global economic expansion form of strong demand for environment, our country's human resource advantages and scale production advantage gradually gets reflecting. In recent years, the processing trade in China on earth underway in foreign trade, share of always occupy more than 50%, become the trade surplus heaviest contribution strength, in the short term this trend will also intensified. However, at present, the main Chinese processing trade with OEM brand production primarily, therefore is necessary to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of OEM way and to our country enterprise's influence.

 

OEM adapt to provide customers with complete solutions

OEM adapt to provide customers with complete solutions

 

In the era of information economy, industry division thin, new product emerge in endlessly, high-tech content gradually enhance, final consumers impossible by the sci-tech contents in product judgments on its applicability, because what they need is based on the solution of the omni-directional service.

 

Modern enterprise competition from some kind of meaning is speaking assessment companies found consumer needs and provide the comprehensive plan ability, ending the importance of a single product is gradually reduced. And realistic problem is how to satisfy the more complex and individuality characteristic of consumption demand.

 

OEM way forward a good approach: namely enterprise in their own proprietary technology based on OEM mode fused to the production of other products, thus providing customers for respective demand solutions, namely so promote the enterprise itself technology development, strengthen its own brand influence, and make customer from overall solutions scored more comprehensive on-time considerate service.

 

From another Angle of speaking, is the OEM enterprises are enterprise driving developed, it embodies the principle of resources rationally. In addition, OEM manner management can more effectively allocation of scarce enterprise internal resources, minimize the management level, and improve the management efficiency.

Globalization management information system development and establish new competitive advantage

 

OEM for a global information management system development needs.

 

With the development of science and technology, computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) gradually is widely used for production process, quality has gradually become the production process of controlled factor, this causes the OEM production for consumer products and provides the material guarantee.

 

This is exactly what the OEM production mode in higher automatization information industry industry's heyday one reason, this also like IBM, HP such only ten million employees transnational enterprises is to promote sales is one of the reasons for billions of dollars. Finite resources into channel construction, also for enterprises to improve the market reaction speed provided the basic safeguard.

 

 

OEM adapt to establish new competitive advantage needs.

 

Modern economic development has changed people of idiopathic competition views, competition and cooperation has become a modern enterprise development of two great power.

 

In itself has advantage of the products, use rival OEM products make oneself advantage more outstanding, meanwhile competitor also has a new development space, competition became cooperation.

 

At the same time in the rapid development of science and technology today, it is difficult to have a enterprise can all grasp a product all patent technology, through mutual way to provide OEM products will ensure the integrity of the intellectual property rights. Avoid disputes or repetitive developments brought about by the waste of resources, and can promote a technology marketing clout, make it become the new industrial standard, or group of standard, make the alliance foreword competition became relative orderly.

 

OEM adapt to provide customers with complete solutions

OEM adapt to provide customers with complete solutions

 

In the era of information economy, industry division thin, new product emerge in endlessly, high-tech content gradually enhance, final consumers impossible by the sci-tech contents in product judgments on its applicability, because what they need is based on the solution of the omni-directional service.

 

Modern enterprise competition from some kind of meaning is speaking assessment companies found consumer needs and provide the comprehensive plan ability, ending the importance of a single product is gradually reduced. And realistic problem is how to satisfy the more complex and individuality characteristic of consumption demand.

 

OEM way forward a good approach: namely enterprise in their own proprietary technology based on OEM mode fused to the production of other products, thus providing customers for respective demand solutions, namely so promote the enterprise itself technology development, strengthen its own brand influence, and make customer from overall solutions scored more comprehensive on-time considerate service.

 

From another Angle of speaking, is the OEM enterprises are enterprise driving developed, it embodies the principle of resources rationally. In addition, OEM manner management can more effectively allocation of scarce enterprise internal resources, minimize the management level, and improve the management efficiency.

OEM adapt world-class brands development needs

OEM manufacturing industry, especially in the way of the rapid development of the information industry in industrial application is extremely extensive.

 

For example, according to the statistics institutions of IDG global authority (International Group) statistics, Digital global personal computer manufacturers use hard disk above 95% by Quantum and Seagate, West Digital this three big hard disk vendors to OEM way to provide. Are able to receive the application of reason, is he adapted to entering the 1990s global technology rapid development brings the new competition situation needs.

 

OEM way with its flexible, efficient business characteristics, adapted to the new development of the situation, was thus widely used.

 

 

OEM adapt world-class brands development needs.

 

Economic competition is becoming increasingly to the global scale, brand and channels increasingly reflected in the actual commodity ultimate value the vital role, OEM manufacturer mark terms are way zhongyuan illustrate this point importance.

 

In the economic competition has been increasingly recognized the importance of brand, because only among consumers establish good image, can win more marketing channel partner support to pass with the joint efforts of the channel partners to make products more duane consumption group penetration. Therefore many business performance good multinational company always pay attention to brand image and marketing channel construction.

 

Therefore make full use of OEM way will have been mature product or other enterprise have advantages in production product pushed into their own marketing channel, use oneself in value-added service advantages to win a wider range of consumer, it is also called "lend chicken unripe egg" remedy.

OEM adaptive technology rapid development needs

OEM adaptive technology rapid development needs

 

 

The rapid development of science and technology caused the product life cycle shortens. The enterprise competition strategy is from expand the scale of production, reduce production cost, give priority to heart production-oriented way attention to the new technology application, rapidly introduced new product mainly centers of the market business mode transformation.

 

According to IDC data display, in 50-60's electronic product lifecycle average 10-12 years, while in the 1990s this numerical reduced to 6-18 months. In the new technology of electronic information age emerge in endlessly, business operators to obtain competitive sometimes and unexpectedly phase increased to new product research and development, the huge investment to quickly will study achievements into commodity seizes the market, many large enterprises will critical components own production, and auxiliary parts with OEM way out to contract let other enterprise production, so that can assure already shorten production period, there can be saved from used for production equipment with a lot of money for research and development, enterprise in market response speed aspect maintained a virtuous cycle, the enterprise can also, according to the market situation changes, timely adjust the production scale, which may keep an adapting market developments, the flexible production system.

 

From another Angle, product life cycle shortens, enterprises for the production equipment investment in spirit wear inevitably increase, in order to reduce the opportunity cost of using OEM production, cannot but way that make full use of external resources "grass ship for borrow arrows".

The OEM origin and developme

 OEM is socialized production and large-scale cooperation under the trend of a kind of way is one of the effective ways of resource rationalization, is the result of socialized production.

 

In Europe, in early 1960s has established have OEM properties of industry association, 1998, the OEM production trade has reached 35 billion euros, accounting for European industrial output value of more than 14%, OEM production has become a modern industrial production of important component. With the globalization of economy development trend of the accelerated, OEM requirements traders may in wider range select OEM suppliers, especially to processing manufacturing cost of countries and regions.

 

In Asia, Japan enterprise for rapidly occupation market, reduce production cost, the earliest adopts the international OEM production form of trade. "Asian tigers" takeoff also with OEM have closely linked. Among them, Taiwan has become a global PC's biggest OEM base, India is also through the OEM way to become the world's biggest computer software exporter. In the IT industry, from technology to components to software function modules, who is all-powerful? Compaq President Fidel phil talked about this, said: "with the most direct way of making more money!"

 

And vowed to save those so-called assets (plant, equipment, office buildings, etc.) of the burden of. Even some called: make the whole of IT industry OEM! American Nike, with the annual sales income up to 20 billion dollars, without a production factory, only focus research, design and marketing products all adopt OEM way to become in the world at present OEM business successful model.

What is OEM, ODM, OBM?

What is OEM, ODM, OBM?

 

"Original commissioned" OEM (reprographic systems Manufactures) is the Equipment manufacturer according to the Original requirement with the authorization, in accordance with the specific conditions and production. All the drawings are completely in accordance with the manufacturers such as the design for manufacturing processes.

 

"Original Design by reprographic systems Manufactures" ODM (themselves) is in product Design and development activities, via efficient product development speed and competitive manufacturing efficiency, satisfy buyers requirements. After technical ability enough, and then can improve the capacity design start receive case and deal with the design and development of related affairs.

 

"Create Brand" OBM (Manufacture) : next reprographic systems developed their own enterprise image, then obtain the biggest economic benefits. In the industrial society, OEM and ODM is commonplace. Because of manufacturing cost, transportation convenience, save development time etc consideration, well-known brand enterprise will generally find other OEM or ODM manufacturer.

 

Looking for other enterprise OEM or ODM, famous brand enterprise also should assume many responsibilities. After all products of the crown is own brand, if the quality of your products is not beautiful words, little criterion a customer complaints, heavy then may seek to court. So, the brand enterprise in the entrusted during the process will certainly carry out strict quality control. But after OEM quality no promises. Therefore, when some businessmen tell you something product manufacturer is a big brands OEM or ODM products, never believe its quality is synonymous with the brand. The only thing you can believe in, it is the manufacturer has certain production capacity.

DataTraveler 100 G2 is designed with simple

DataTraveler 100 G2 is designed with simple, no-cap design. USB connector can be properly incorporated in the shape of fashion jacket in, nothing to worry about lost cover. DataTraveler 100 G2 capacity up to 32GB, fully store all your files, photos, music or video. DataTraveler 100 G2 to provide customized services to corporate joint Co-Logo can help your corporate brand image promotion. DataTraveler 100 G2 five-year warranty, free technical support, and have the perfect Kingston brand consistent quality. If you need to carry files, this product is definitely your best choice.

 

Kingston DataTraveler 100 G2 Part Number:

DT100G2/4GB, DT100G2/8GB, DT100G2/16GB, DT100G2/32GB

 

Features / Benefits:

Capacity *- 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 32GB,

 

speed - 16GB, 32GB: Read 10MB / s, write 5MB / s 1,

 

size - 69.62mm × 22.44mm × 12.76mm,

 

Operating temperature - 0 ° C ~ 60 ° C,

 

storage temperature - -20 ° C ~ 85 ° C,

 

easy to carry - light and slim, easy to carry,

 

easy to use - insert the USB interface, you can use,

 

lightweight and convenient - no cap design, without worrying about losing cover,

 

quality assurance - five-year warranty,

 

Kingston USB Memory--DataTraveler action disc

Kingston USB Memory (DataTraveler action disc) has a high data storage capacity, fast data transfer and easy to carry and so on. Make you a card in hand, to have a variety of functions: the same speed and memory chips, such as floppy disks the same easy to carry, and to a large increase in storage capacity. DataTraveler allows you to easily download and transfer files to your computer, its data can be stored higher than the standard floppy disk more than a hundred times.

 

Features / Benefits:

 

Storage Capacity-128MB,

 

Size - 72.7 mm x 24.0 mm x 10.0 mm,

 

operating temperature - in between 0 ℃ ~ 60 ℃,

 

Storage Temperature - -20 ℃ ~ 85 ℃

 

the data transfer rate up to: Read 6MB/sec,write 3MB/sec,

 

small - pocket size, easy to carry,

 

easy to use - USB interface, plug and play,

 

protective appearance - into the side with a protective cover,

 

quality assurance - 5 year warranty,

 

the popular Fashion - streamlined appearance, raised face design,

 

data retention - up to 10 years, Windows 2000, ME, XP no driver

Kingston--DataTraveler Generation2

Kingston launched its DataTarveler series of new version of USB DataTraveler Generation2 (G2: second generation) in the market has been widely praised, with the original series of USB compared DataTarveler, DataTarvelerGeneration2 the thin plate body after a new design and the original design was changed to cap the push-pull. Many colors, raised to the maximum capacity of 32GB.

 

 

Still use the traditional clear plastic packaging, packaging products, only a small amount of plastic used to fix the vicinity to prevent product damage during transport, and other places were replaced with cardboard to reduce pollution. Consumers can see the front of the product details. Marked on the product packaging capacity and the "5-year warranty" message.

 

 

Dimensions of 58.3mm x 23.6mmx9.0mm, 8GB version of the product shape using white and blue with the other capacity is more different color, to provide consumers with more choices, the side marked "Kingston" trademark, one side marked "DataTraveler" logo, serrated wings non-slip design brings a good effect.

 

 

The original design to push-pull cap, not only the overall size of more short portable, and can more effectively protect the USB interface, and the possibility of eliminating the cap is lost, the design is very user friendly. The product offers 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 32GB specifications, great to meet consumer demand.

 

 

Internal use of high-quality A + grade Flash chips, you can repeat the erase more than 10 million times, ensuring the user's data security. The product design of the interface with mainstream USB2.0, plug and play, backwards compatibility, while providing five-year product warranty and free technical support.

 

 

Flash Survivor has a material made of tubular aluminum shell

Flash Survivor has a material made of tubular aluminum shell, and the tubular shell is that you have to stick spin into the protection device.

 

This is a highly reinforced structure, in addition, both ends of the product also has to do to strengthen the protection of rubber mats. Thanks to the spiral design, so this flash drive is actually waterproof, but also has a EPDM waterproof gasket. Flash Survivor flash drive volume is much larger than the entire set of most other products (althoughthe flash drive itself is quite compact.) I believe you already know, before you can use this flash drive, you have to spin it off from the tubular shell, and this may take a few seconds.

 

And remember, this flash drive is quite heavy, its net weight 40 grams. Although the flash screwed tubular shell and keep the internal air is not the case it leaked into the water, it still will not float to the.

 

Extremely strong CNC grinding, plating aluminum shell, the material at the same level with the aircraft. With EPDM waterproof seal, water resistant up to 200 meters.

 

Prevent vibration or shock to the wet beam with molded cover the damage suffered. Can be found in any standard USB 2.0 plug and play peripheral computer port (backward compatible with USB 1.1). Including the True Crypt security application (Windows Vista/XP/2000 compatible only with), allows the use of AES-256 encrypted virtual drive encryption to provide protection 10 year limited warranty.

Thin waterproof shockproof design with an exclusive non-connector cover design,

June 10, 2008 - Global high-performance computer and flash memory leader Corsair, grand release a new USB flash drive slim, mini traveler - "Flash Voyager Mini" 4GB USB flash drive rubber shell.

 

Corsair Flash Voyager Mini is the award-winning Flash Voyager family of a new member, all-rubber casing, which can effectively protect critical data, so as to avoid high temperature, moisture damage or misuse.

 

Flash Voyager Mini is extremely thin, measuring general USB flash drive 1 / 3, weighs just 5.4 grams, comparable to a piece of gum. Unique non-cover connector, with COB technology. In order to create the history of the smallest flash drive, Corsair Flash Voyager Mini features a unique retractable connector without cover, with the thumb flick to open.

 

Corsair directly using the latest chip package (COB) technology, thus achieving the ultimate in thin and light design, so that the entire USB connector to easily flash drive revenue. The design not only reduces the size of flash drive, but also to avoid the sudden accidental damage. In addition, its ergonomic shape of the rubber casing makes it easy to plug.

 

"The Flash Voyager Mini, we want to shape it reduces to a minimum, while still maintaining the Hot Flash Voyager product characteristics, such as waterproof and shockproof case," pirate ship, said John Beekley vice president of application engineering. "We thinkFlash Voyager Mini is sunscreen products, in the hot summer can also be placed on the car dashboard. If accidentally spilled his drink on, the data can still be affected," pirate ship product marketing assistant manager Stephen Schwartz said. 4GB Corsair Flash Voyager Mini now available for sale, and enjoy 10 year warranty Corsair products,

Corsair Founded in 1994,

Corsair Founded in 1994,

 

Corsair Memory Company is the world's largest supplier of one of the world's most respected manufacturers of overclocking memory, a number of world-renowned computer manufacturers OEM partners.

 

Corsair memory is designed for the most experienced high-performance memory manufacturers, know every detail of their importance, rigorous control of the record length of the memory, impedance control, clock, record design, keep the power and high sensitivity of the gold-plated pins and so on.

 

Corsair memory is a great demand for super-performance application software as such, has been the key to be applied very high-performance servers and workstations (including game systems). Is the Hypersonic Gaming Computer Alienware Gaming System and game system such as overclocking memory specified; IT professional website even been called "natural overclocking crazy," "OC Pioneer" and so on. Is the "overclocking family" of choice for overclocking memory.

 

PQI, Power Quotient International

PQI, Power Quotient International, the world's top ten professional leader in memory module and flash memory. PQI, prior to the quality of instruction, a synchronization word is detected If you want to be accepted, it must exceed the threshold leading quality.

 

 

This threshold will determine the synchronization quality and utility of word scores. Preamble quality threshold (PQT) sync word limit increased by the following requirements, namely, receiving quality of sync word must be at the top of the set threshold leading. Leading quality assessment unit in each received bit with the previous bit internal counter is not at the same time add 1 bit in each received the same with the last bit internal counter plus 4. When the counter at 0 and 31 saturation.

 

 

Threshold region by the PKTCTRL1.PQT register configuration. This counter is used to test the threshold of a 4.PQT sync word detection. Setting this value to 0, the synchronization preamble quality limited vocabulary is not available.

 

 

PQI storage vendors today announced the expansion of server memory product line, the introduction of DDR3 Registered / ECC memory products to meet the cloud computing era. PQI DDR3 Registered / ECC offers 128x8, 256x8 BGA packages and other particle configuration, providing 1GB, 2GB, 4GB and 8GB capacities, etc., are using the manufacturers original particles with PLL chip. All products have all been Intel, Tyan and Supermicro server platforms mainstream testing, a lifetime warranty.

 

large memory space

RAM: PNY memory module by Apple, DELL,HP, IBM maker of the system certification and testing, and by more than 5,000 different sets of desktop / laptop / server compatibility with the printing system of strict tests.PNY adhere to provide customers with stable quality and full range of products to address customer needs.

 

Graphics Card: PNY memory with more than two decades of production technology and popular channels, plus a strong market, the better the graphics card provides users with the best quality and service.

 

PNY Verto GeForceTM series of graphics cards using NVIDIA graphics processing unit (GPU), the whole series AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port) and PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) for players to choose two for each type of desktop PC users to provide full position solution.

 

PNY NVIDIA QuadroTM series graphics cards for desktop and mobile platform designed for professional users. PNY NVIDIA QuadroTM QuadroTM FX series graphics cards with high-end graphics cards and 3D display applications, and QuadroTM NVS series graphics card with 2D applications processing functions, whether you are a designer developing the latest models to produce a blockbuster movie under the 3D animation artist, or the financial community, PNY NVIDIA graphics card solutions, the server can provide unmatched computing power and performance.

 

Flash Memory: PNY flash memory card line includes CompactFlashTM, MMC plusTM, MMC mobileTM and SecureDigitalTM, miniSDTM, microSDTM cards with your data security and reliability, PNY Attache 'U disk series of high-capacity Attache', professionals like Executive Attache ' , together with modeling small mini Attache 'latest hot water with the network, shockproof Outdoor Series Whether you use digital music players, digital cameras, PDA, cell phone or a variety of mobile storage devices, able to provide quick and easy storage solution programs with large memory space.

American Technology Corporation PNY Technologies

American Technology Corporation PNY  Technologies, Inc was founded in the United States, "PNY" The name comes from the English word in the Paris and New York (PARIS and NEW YORK), since 1985 we become a global company, 20 years PNY has been committed to the development and manufacture of memory products, with the exception of the U.S., the UK, France, Germany,

 

Ireland and China Taiwan has a number of manufacturing plants and R & D institutions, and its products in the United States and Europe have access to a very high market share rate, while, PNY brand is also the storage industry has won a wide reputation. Mainly engaged in the memory, multimedia memory card, graphics cards, MP3 and other products for the professional production and sales. Provide customers a full range of high quality computer peripherals and memory products, flash memory products and consumer product services. PNY graphics card in the consumer and professional graphics card market share of more leading, and NVIDIA has become an important partner.

 

Products not only by Fortune 500 companies selected for the former, the full range of memory products more applications in the personal digital computer (digital camera, PDA, MP3, mobile phones, laptops and desktop computers) are in the U.S. retail market share among the top Three of the leading position.

 

 PNY has been in the United States have a high visibility, and digital IC products in the U.S. market, PNY brand remained the first place, in 2004 the market share of up to 46%, PNY and Kingston, Corsair, etc. world-famous brands of memory are par. The reason why many domestic users of its strange because PNY time and soon entered the mainland, April 12, 2006 PNY memory officially announced in the domestic markets.

 

There exist a little problem in using process in lightning(2)

11. Do when assembling lightning exist whether need to close a computer?

       Not requiring that lightning exist is a type product namely insert namely use, can be in progress inserting drawing.

 

12. Can lightning exist be water-proof?

         Lightning exist may possibly bring about the lightning exist plate inside short circuit but damages after being that the electron is similar to a product , lose entering in the water.

 

13. Which matters needing attention do insert when pulling out lightning exist , have?

        While lightning exist plate guiding lights flashes quickly, be that the computer does not pull off lightning exist under read-write lightning exist plate state,; Should the lightning exist queen be thrust into , not extracting immediately best. Do not insert drawing again and again rapidly especially, reaction time , the middle gap had better above 5 seconds because of OS need is certain.

 

14. Be if lightning exist able to be infected with virus?

       Lightning exist may affect virus looking like all hard disks

 

15.  when lightning exist is used for table top computer when and the USB interface behind computer, what way do have to make that more convenient?

      By the fact that a USB switches, cable (have A-Type Plug and A-Type Receptacle) and the computer link

 

16. Does lightning exist messy code or document open up appear on upper document?

      The implement makes usage lightning exist special use FMT, when two strike lightning exist checks a magic figure, the plate pointing out lightning exist needs a computer FMT, the subarea form meets with ding-dang lightning exist destroy or the lightning exist function above-mentioned phenomenon appears on unsteady special circumstances of the time. This problem appears , the sort can use the lightning exist special use implement compose FMT, lightning exist write-protected does not play role, in write-protected turn off locks up state, the data can't can a write-in smooth. Be sure to change the lightning exist write-protected switch , need to be in progress under the linkup disconnecting with the computer's circumstances. Need is inserted again if being to be sure to have changed the write-protected switch under comparing with computer linkup circumstances, pulling out a lightning exist, ability makes conscientiously to be sure to change a take effect.

There exist a little problem in using process in lightning

1. Can whether read-write run other application when lightning exist?

      That's OK.

 

2. Wipe write much time? How long can data inside the lightning exist preserve?

     In lightning exist being wiped writing 1,000,000 time ,flashing to exist, the data can preserve 10. 

 

3. May the computer take over several lightning exist at the same time?

     One computer may take over 127 lightning exist at the same time theoretically , the god of the earth can receive 23 (except A , B , C), and need USB HUB helping but because of drive English letter ordering cause, as well as now available drive necessaries occupies several English letters, therefore lightning exist checks a maximum.

 

4. Whether can be put into use under DOS circumstances?

      Dyadic U of lightning exist plate lightning exist supports WINDOWS to suppose DOS way (enter in accessories after starting Windows). Hold out starting functional excellent plate under the state starting a computer by the fact that lightning exist checks success , be able to send way operation an order with DOS.

 

5. What driver can lightning exist be put into use under?

     A9 Windows98 , Windows ME , Windows 2000, Windows XP , MAC OS , Linux.

 

6. Do if lightning exist need a driver?

      In Mac, OS , Windows do not need to need a driver on 98, in Win above 2000 on the edition.

 

7. Can lightning exist FMT under Windows 98/ Windowses 2000/ Macs OS?

      That's OK.

 

8. Whetherlightning exist content can encrypt?

       That's OK.

 

9. There exist local area network if li can be shared in lightning?

       That's OK.

 

10. Which type data can lightning exist store?

        All computer data are all not bad memory, including document , procedure , image , music , multi-media etc.

OUM(Ovonic Unified Memory Ovonyx)

OUM is to grind hair's , make use of Ge from Intel , compounds such as Sb and Te is the film that material is made into. OUM.

 

OUM writing , function and CD-RW deleting and reading are similar to DVD-RW. But, CD/DVD uses laser to come to heat the material being called the sulfur department compound (chalcogenides) and change; OUM is by electricity crystal under the control of power source but , messenger it's creation phase transition way comes to store up a data.

 

That wiping writes number of times being 10 12 inferior method , 100 time of data visit time average of OUM is 200 Nanosecond. The OUM speed is quicker than lightning exist. Although OUM is slower than the MRAM data visit time,cheap cost is the OUM winning magic weapon but. Be different from MRAM, still development of OUM be in initial stage.

 

Do not hesitate to already have manufactured the testing chip, they can be used to affirm a concept only but fault explains the feasibility that a technology.And Intel inkstone hair consistently devoting self to OUM for 4 years in past, is making great efforts to expand that marketplace.

 

Two companies all think, not only MRAM will be a lightning exist ideal succedaneum, forceful competitor who is also DRAM and SRAM. June this year , UK are domineered swiftly already having put the first section product of self into circulation a marketplace. Meanwhile, Freescale is also speeding up grinding hair , makes every effort to will be debuting 4 M bit chips next year.

 

But, some review person worries about that if MRAM can reach lightning memory element dimension. Another , the MRAM cost of production are also no minor problem.

Lightning exist comes across the problem solution(3)

17. Does lightning exist check the data being able to which type to store?

      All computer data are all not bad memory, including document , procedure , image , music , multi-media etc.

 

18. Do when assembling lightning exist plate whether need to close a computer?

       Not requiring that lightning exist plate is a type product namely insert namely use, can be in progress inserting drawing.

 

19. Can lightning exist plate be water-proof?

       Lightning exist plate is that the electron is similar to a product , loses may possibly bring about the internal short circuit of lightning exist plate but damage after entering in the water.

 

20. Which matters needing attention do insert when pulling out lightning exist plate , have?

        While lightning exist checks quick lightning of guiding lights, do not pull off lightning exist plate under being that the computer checks state in read-write lightning exist,; Think that insertion lightning exist checks the day afer tomorrow , had better not to extract immediately. Do not insert drawing again and again speedily especially, because of needing certain reaction time OS, the middle gap had better above 5 seconds.

 

21. Does lightning exist check being able to be infected with virus or not?

       Lightning exist plate may affect virus looking like all hard disks

 

22. , when lightning exist plate is used for table top computer when the USB interface behind computer and, what way does having make that more convenient?

         By the fact that a USB switches, cable (have A-Type Plug and A-Type Receptacle) and the computer link up

 

23. Does the LED light storing a set demonstrate the import what to express?

        Think that it indicates that lightning exist checks the success linking up when LED light is bright, not having data transmission temporarily. When LED glimmers, data transmission process is hit by its plate expressing lightning exist in course of.

 

Lightning exist comes across the problem solution(2)

8. May one computer receive several lightning exist plate at the same time?

     One computer may receive 127 lightning exist plate at the same time theoretically, since but drive English letter ordering cause and now available drive need helping occupying several English letters , being able to receive 23 (except A , B , C) and needing USB HUB therefore lightning exist plate is the most.

 

9. Whether lightning exist plate can be put into use under DOS circumstances?

      Lightning exist plate supports WINDOWS to suppose DOS way (enter in accessories after starting Windows). Hold out starting functional excellent plate under the state starting a computer by the fact that lightning exist checks success , be able to send way operation an order with DOS.

 

10. Lightning exist plate supports WINDOWS 95?

        Lightning exist plate does not support WINDOWS 95 OS, suggest that the consumer escalates OS till WINDOWS98 or all above edition.

 

11. How is lightning exist plate put into use under WINDOWS NT4.0?

        Unable. Because of WINDOWS NT4.0 OS does not support USB equipment,lightning exist plate is USB-based equipment.

 

12. What driver can lightning exist plate be put into use under?

       A9 Windows98 , Windows ME , Windows 2000, Windows XP , MAC OS , Linux.

 

13. Does lightning exist check needing a driver or not?

       OS , Windows do not need in Mac above 2000 on the edition , need a driver in Win on 98

 

14. Can lightning exist plate FMT under Windows 98/ Windowses 2000/ Macs OS?

        That's OK.

 

15. Whether the content that lightning exist checks can encrypt?

        That's OK.

 

16. Can whether lightning exist plate be shared within the local area network?

        That's OK.

Flash memory solution to the problem encountered(1)

1. What is usb2.0?

     usb 2.0 is a new version of technology. Transfer rate of up to 480mbps, 40 times a usb1.1. For new high-speed peripherals. It inherits the ease of use usb 1.1, plug and play, free installation driver, fully compatible with usb1.1 standards, you have already purchased usb1.1 device and cable can continue to use.

 

2.USB1.1 and USB2.0 flash drive read and write speeds respectively?

    USB1.1 flash drive read speed is usually 630KB, write speed typically 520KB;

    USB2.0 read speed is generally 1.5MB, write speed is generally 1.0MB.

 

3. Whether the device connected to the usb1.1 usb2.0 interface?

    Yes, but the speed limit by usb1.1 effect can not play USB2.0

 

4. Can use both usb2.0 and usb1.1 devices

    Yes, usb2.0 devices can coexist with usb1.1 devices.

 

5. Can os 9.x systems using usb2.0 device?

    Yes, but the driver must be installed; However, these operating systems do not support usb2.0, the device can only work in these systems in the usb1.1 mode

 

6. Readflash drive, whether you can run other applications?

     Yes.

 

7. Rewritable flash drive how many times? The data in the flash drive can hold how long?

     1000000 times rewritable flash drive, flash drive data can be stored for 10 years

 

Flash development process - new possible alternatives?

With many short life compared to information technology, flash memory in its 16 year history, it shows its "old-timers" style. Early nineties, before entering the flash market; to 2000, the amount of interest has exceeded one billion dollars.

 

Infineon Technologies Flash director, Peter said: "In memory of the life cycle, we are still in a growing stage." Infineon believes that sales of flash memory still has room to rise and join in the making of the market inputs. Infineon earlier this year announced that its 200-mm DRAM Dresden plant has started production of 512Mb NAND-compatible flash memory chips.

 

The end of 2004, Infineon plans to use 170-nanometer manufacturing process, manufacturing more than 10,000 wafers per month. In 2007, the company also hopes to become the top three in the NAND market.

 

In addition, Intel Technology and Manufacturing Group Vice President of Stefan Lai believes that before 2008, flash memory will not be replaced. 2006, Intel will begin using 65-nanometer technology; to 2008, is currently developing a new generation 45-nanometer technology are expected on the market. Stefan Lai felt that the current forecast is still relatively shallow, perhaps 32-nanometer, 22 nanometer technology is entirely possible. But Stefan Lai admitted that from 2008 to 2010, the new technology may replace it.

Flash development process - Flash Market Analysis

The current flash market is still anybody's game is the last maturity. Samsung, Hitachi, Spansion and Intel is the market four major manufacturers.

 

Some errors on the strategy, Intel let out in the first chair of its top spot, falling to the Samsung, Hitachi and Spansion after. AMD Spansion flash memory business while NAND and NOR flash memory production. It is almost the first half with the Intel NOR flash production flat, becoming the largest manufacturer of NOR Flash memory.

 

In the first half of the profit of the company 1.3 billion, almost its entire company profits (25 billion U.S. dollars) more than half. Overall, Intel and AMD gratifying results in the first half, but Samsung and Hitachi have suffered a setback. According to market research firm iSuppli estimates made, the global flash memory revenue will reach 16.6 billion more than in 2003 (116.4 million) up 46%. Messages are for digital cameras,

 

USB sticks and MP3 players, memory compression demand will greatly promote the sales of flash memory. It is predicted that sales of flash memory in 2005 to 175 billion U.S. dollars. However, iSuppli estimates that from 2005 to 2008 profit by up flash will drop slightly, the maximum will reach 22.4 billion.

 

Although the discussion of flash memory more incentive alternatives, flash memory is still subject to market attention. Substitute for the future not only must be the same as similar non-volatile flash memory, but also in slightly better speed and write cycles. In addition, production costs should also be relatively low. Now that manufacturing technology is not mature, new alternatives will not pose an absolute threat to the flash memory.

Flash development--Flash History

In 1984, Toshiba Fujio Masuoka, inventor of the company first proposed a fast flash memory (here referred to as flash memory) concept. Different from traditional computer memory, flash memory is characterized by a non-volatile (that is, the data stored on the host will not be lost after power off), the recording speed is very fast. Intel is the world's first production of flash memory and its market companies.

 

 

In 1988, the company introduced a 256K bit memory chips. It is like the size of a shoebox, and was embedded in a tape recorder. Later, Intel invented this type of flash memory is referred to as NOR flash. It combines the EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory) the two technologies, and has a SRAM interface.

 

 

The second is called NAND flash memory. It consists of Hitachi developed in 1989 and is considered the ideal replacement for NOR flash. NAND flash NOR flash memory write cycles shorter than 90%, save and delete its processing speed is relatively fast. NOR NAND memory cell is only half the storage space in a smaller gain in the NAND better performance. Given the excellent performance of NAND, which is often used, such as CompactFlash, SmartMedia, SD, MMC, xD, and PC cards, USB sticks and other memory card.

 

the agreed-type flash memory

If one is from the storage medium, flash memory, better than the hard disk. But not the sound quality is good, is the speed of data transmission is also earthquake degrees (there is no flash seismic).

 

To compare the advantages and disadvantages between the two is not difficult to understand what is the first digital, know what is on the digital signal after the digital signal is usually clear from storage media interference. (Ignore the audio stream file error, hard drives and flash memory can be ignored in this regard, the disc is different.) Hard drives and flash memory data accuracy is high, in the same test conditions (the same as decoding the same output), both of sound quality certainly is the same. For the players, the agreed-typeflash memory.

 

Advantages:

 

1. Flash player small. Not to say that the integrated flash memory will definitely high. Micro hard to do the main reason is that such a large piece of micro hard drives smaller than flash can not do and do not represent the integration of micro hard drive is not high. Furthermore, high integration and can not represent the sound quality will decline. MD is an example.

 

2. Relative to the flash memory structure is not afraid of hard disk shock, more resistant to fall. Hard fear most is a strong vibration. Although we use the time to be very careful, but the Tigers also have nap time, afraid of ten thousand afraid of the event.

 

3. Flash memory can provide faster data read speed, the hard disk is limited by the speed limit.

 

4. The quality of light.

Why U disk so welcomed by the people it?

"Thumb drive" isthe flash memory into the most obvious reflection of everyday life, in fact, until early in the U disk, flash memory has appeared in many electronic products.

 

The traditional way is to use RAM to store data in volatile memory, battery power of the flash memory card lost data is lost. Flash-based products, to overcome this problems, making data storage more reliable. In addition to flash drives, flash memory has also been used in the computer BIOS, PDA, digital camera, voice recorder, mobile phones, digital televisions, game consoles and other electronic products.

 

Dating back to 1998, the USB market. Interface developed by the USB1.0 to 2.0, the speed gradually increased. The prevalence of U disk USB interface, but also indirectly contributed to the promotion. Why U disk so welcomed by the people it?

 

Flash drive can be used to exchange data between computers. From the capacity of speaking, flash disk capacity from 16MB to 2GB optional 1.44MB floppy drive broke through the limitations. Speaking from the read and write speed, USB interface, use flash drive, read and write speeds much higher than the floppy disk. From the stability perspective, read and write flash drive without mechanical devices, removable hard disk is easy to avoid the bumps, falls and other causes of damage. Part of the style flash drive with encryption and other functions, so users more personalized. Compact flash drive and easier to carry. And the use of hot-swappable USB interface, easy to use.

 

At present, the flash moving large capacity, low power, low-cost direction. Compared with traditional hard drives, flash memory, read and write speed is high, lower power consumption, currently on the market there have been flash drive, which is the SSD hard drive, the current cost of the hard drive for further improvement. With the improvement of manufacturing processes, cost reduction, flash memory will be more in daily life.

What factors determine the NAND-type flash memory?(4)

What factors determine the NAND-type flash memory?

 

Manufacturing Process

Manufacturing process can affect the density of transistors, but also affect some operations of the time. For example, the aforementioned stability and time stability of time to write, they account for our calculations were an important part of time, especially when writing. If we can reduce these times, we can further improve performance. 90nm manufacturing process can improve performance? I'm afraid the answer is! The current reality is that as storage densities increase, the need to read, write settling time is an upward trend. Previous calculation in the example of this trend is reflected, or 4Gb chip performance more evident.

 

 

 

On the whole, large-capacity NAND-type flash memory chips While addressing, the operating time will be slightly longer, but with the increased page capacity, the effective transmission rate of still larger, high-capacity chip with the market for capacity, cost and performance demand trends. The increase in data lines and increase the frequency, it is the most effective way to improve performance, but because of the command, address information takes the operating cycle, and some fixed operating time (such as signal settling time, etc.) and other technology, physical factors, they do not bring an improvement in performance.

 

 

What factors determine the NAND-type flash memory?(3)

What factors determine the NAND-typeflash memory?

 

I / O bits wide

in the past NAND-type flash memory data line is generally 8, but starting from the 256Mb product, there are 16 data lines of products has emerged. However, due to the controller and other reasons, x16 chips relatively few practical applications, but the number will still be upward trend. While x16 chips in the transmission of data and address information is still used when a group of eight, occupied cycle is the same, but when transferring data to 16 bits as a group, doubling the bandwidth. K9K4G16U0M is a typical 64M × 16 chips, which each page is still 2KB, but the structure is (1K +32) × 16bit. Mimic the above calculation, we get the following. K9K4G16U0M need to read a page: 6 command, address cycle × 50ns +25 μs + (1K +32) × 50ns = 78.1μs. K9K4G16U0M actually read transfer rate: 2KB bytes ÷ 78.1μs = 26.2MB / s. K9K4G16U0M need to write a page: 6 command, address cycle × 50ns + (1K +32) × 50ns +300 μs = 353.1μs. K9K4G16U0M actually write transfer rate: 2KB bytes ÷ 353.1μs = 5.8MB / s can be seen, the same size chip, the data line increased to 16 after the reading of nearly 70% performance improvement, write performance is also increased by 16%.

 

Frequency

Frequency of work is very easy to understand. NAND-type flash memory of the operating frequency in the 20 ~ 33MHz, the frequency the more the better performance. In front of the K9K4G08U0M example, we assume that frequency is 20MHz, if we increase the frequency doubled to 40MHz, the K9K4G08U0M need to read a page: 6 command, address cycle × 25ns +25 μs + (2K +64) × 25ns = 78μs. K9K4G08U0M actually read transfer rate: 2KB bytes ÷ 78μs = 26.3MB / s. Can see that if the operating frequency from 20MHz K9K4G08U0M increased to 40MHz, read performance can increase nearly 70%! Of course, the above example is only for the convenience of calculations. Samsung actual product line, you can work at higher frequencies should be K9XXG08UXM, rather than K9XXG08U0M, the frequency of the former current of up to 33MHz.

What factors determine the NAND-type flash memory?(2)

What factors determine the NAND-typeflash memory?

 

Write performance

NAND-type flash memory into the write steps: sending the addressing information transmitted to the data page → Register → → send command data from the register write information page. Which is a command cycle, we are following their merger and addressing cycle, but the two parts is not continuous. K9K1G08U0M need to write a page: 5 commands, addressing cycle × 50ns + (512 +16) × 50ns +200 μs = 226.7μs. K9K1G08U0M actually write transfer rate: 512 bytes ÷ 226.7μs = 2.2MB / s. K9K4G08U0M need to write a page: 6 command, address cycle × 50ns + (2K +64) × 50ns +300 μs = 405.9μs. K9K4G08U0M actually write transfer rate: 2112 bytes / 405.9μs = 5MB / s. Therefore, the use of 2KB page size increases the capacity of more than 512-byte page write performance more than twice.

 

Block size

block erase operation is the basic unit, as each block erase time is almost the same (erase operation usually takes 2ms, while the number of cycles before the command and address information takes time to be negligible), the capacity of the block will directly determine the erase performance. Large-capacity NAND-typeflash memory capacity to improve the page, and each block also increased the number of pages, the general capacity of 4Gb chip block 2KB × 64 个 page = 128KB, 1Gb chip is 512 bytes × 32 个 page = 16KB. It can be seen at the same time, the former for the latter wiping 8 times the speed!